None of my family fought in Gallipoli, I have no reason to take it personally, but I have been surprised by my reaction to the history of the WWI battles. Turkey has also experienced a revival in interest in this region and the events of WWI so the area is well taken care of and there are regular reminders of their triumph and their heroes. They are rightly proud - and gracious in their victory - but I had forgotten that winners write history. When I visited Normandy, the stories were all told from the perspective on the Allies Here it is the Turks who talk of their matyrs and heroes and celebrate how they outwitted the Allies - quite spectacularly during the first offensive on Anzac Day when the Anzac troops could have taken Chunuk Bair if they had known that the 100 Turks they could see ready to fight were all of there was between them and their goal. But they didn't and months of fighting and thousands of deaths ensued and very little was achieved.
The problem is that Turkey's great victory was our great defeat. I don't mean 'our' as in the Allies, but our as in the Anzacs. However it was viewed at the time, many New Zealanders today view Gallipoli as a pivotal point in our identity. We remember our brave soldiers, we slate the Brits and blame them for our defeat, and we have an odd respect for the Turks who, as as kiwi I met on a plane described it, whipped our ass.
In the morning before the tour, I hopped in the car and set off to see Kalitbahir Castle. It was closed for renovations but I found a nice old Turkish battlements and little museum. This reminded me that the Dardenelles were a significant defence point for a long time before WWI and was held at various times by the Venetians, Romans, Iranians and Byzantines until the fourteenth century before it settled into Turkish (under various names) hands. It's importance as a defence point for Istanbul, and the rest of the Ottoman empire down to the Middle East was precisely the reason the Allies sought to take it in WW1. The way the Turks tell it they joined the war on the German side because the British refused to deliver two warships they had promised and for which payment had already been made because they now needed them for the war. I think there was probably more to it than that.
The bus tour was for about five hours and visited the main sites for the Anzac troops - Brighton Beach (where they were supposed to land ), Anzac Cove (where they did land), Lone Pine (where 3000 Aussies died), Johnsons' Jolly, Chunuk Bair (the major site for kiwis) as well as one Turkish site. You can still see where the trenches were in some places and they were so close to the enemy. The small space in between, no man's land, is the gravesite for most of those who died - Turks and Allies. There was no way to retrieve the bodies so the number of graves does not represent the thousands who died - and the whole peninsular is littered with cemeteries.
Those that did get a grave were given a wood cross and in the 1950s these were replaced with proper gravestones. Families were asked if they would like an inscription added. Some of these are heartbreaking. I started tearing up when I read them - not cool in front of a group of people so I stopped reading them and went back to Anzac Cove the next day where I could read them and let my eyes water without feeling like an idiot. Some inscriptions seek solace in religion and commit the fallen into God's hands, others are very poetic, many speak of their sons having served their duty, died for their friends or are standard war memorial phrases. "Their name shall not be blotted out" was common. There were moving especially when you saw how young these men were. Some were spoke of pain still felt - 30 years on: " My only son", "we loved him then, we love him still".
The Allies eventually won the war and took the Dardenelles and sailed the fleet up Istanbul. But just like Chunuk Bair which the kiwis took at huge loss of life only to have it recaptured two days later when they have been relieved by the British, Musafah "I'm not ordering you to attack, I'm ordering you to die" Kamel Ataturk led the Turks on a war of independence which they won in 1922 on this very day and returned the area to Turkish rule.